OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System Basics:

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between hardware and user, user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer. t

एक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम (OS) हार्डवेयर और उपयोगकर्ता, उपयोगकर्ता के बीच एक इंटरफ़ेस है जो गतिविधियों के प्रबंधन और समन्वय और कंप्यूटर के संसाधनों के साझाकरण के लिए जिम्मेदार है। मशीन पर चलने वाले कंप्यूटिंग अनुप्रयोगों के लिए एक मेजबान के रूप में कार्य करता है। यह एक प्रोग्राम है जो एप्लिकेशन प्रोग्राम के निष्पादन को नियंत्रित करता है। कम्प्यूटरीकृत जानकारी को सुरक्षित रखने के प्रमुख पहलुओं में से एक कंप्यूटर सिस्टम को सुरक्षित रखना है और इसके लिए महत्वपूर्ण ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम है।

Operating System Objectives :

Convenience: Makes the computers more convenient to use 

Ability to evolve: Permit effective development, testing and introduce of new system function without interface with service.

सुविधा: कंप्यूटर को उपयोग करने के लिए अधिक सुविधाजनक बनाता है

दक्षता: कंप्यूटर सिस्टम संसाधनों को एक कुशल तरीके से उपयोग करने की अनुमति देता है

विकसित करने की क्षमता: प्रभावी विकास, परीक्षण और सेवा के साथ इंटरफेस के बिना नए सिस्टम फ़ंक्शन की शुरूआत।

Service provided by the Operating System 

Operating System is responsible for managing resources. It functions same way that relinquishes control of the processor. There are many services which an operating system provides:

• Program development
• Editors and debuggers
• Program execution 
• Access to I/O devices
• Controlled access to files
• System access
• Error detection and response
• Internal and external hardware errors
• Memory error
• Device failure 
• Software error
• Arithmetic overflow
• Access forbidden memory locations
• Operating System can not grant request of application
• Accounting 
• Collect usage statistics
• Monitor Performance 
• Used to anticipate future enhancements
• Used for billing purposes

Types of Operating System based on Development

Based on the development of the computer and the generations of the computer, the operating system in it has also been developed, thus the operating systems are as follows -

Batch Processing System

Time Sharing or Multi User Operating System

Multi Tasking Operating System

Real Time Operating System

Multi Processing Operating System

Embedded Operating System

Distributed Operating System

• The Batch Processing System is one of the first operating systems used in the Bech Processing System computer. Instead of using it on their own, the users of the Bech operating system give their job (job) to the operator in a punch card or other similar device and the operator makes a group of all the jobs and runs them. Generally, the selling operating system runs one program at a time, they are no longer used, but some mainframe computers are still in use.
• Time Sharing or Multi User Operating System: Time Sharing or Multi User Operating System is used in the network, through which different users can use the same program at the same time. In this type of operating system, the user's accounts are made, so that the user has to know the amount of permission to use the software.
• Multi Tasking Operating System - Multi tasking operating system has more than one task (tasks) to be performed at the same time. In fact, the processor very quickly provides different processing time, which is called CPU scheduling. This task happens so fast that the user seems to be doing all the tasks simultaneously. The advantage of this is that the CPU free time is best utilized.
• Real Time Operating System - Real time operating system also known as data processing system has a predetermined time for executing an event which is called response time. They are mainly used in process control and telecommunication, they are used in scientific research, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, robots, air traffic control, etc. There are two typesHard real time system guarantees the completion of any sensitive tasks in a fixed time, they do not have secondary memory or are available in very small amounts.Soft Real Time System These are slightly less punctual than the hard real time system, but they give priority to sensitive tasks over all other tasks. They are used more in multimedia, virtual reality etc.

• Multi Processing Operating System This type of operating system is used in places where more than one processor is engaged in the system. The technique of using more than one processor is called parallel processing.
• Embedded Operating System - Embedded systems are operating systems that are present only in an electronics or other type of hardware device, they are present in ROM, they are used for home use appliances such as microwave ovens, washing machines, Car management system is done in traffic control system etc.
• Distributed Operating System They run various applications using many processors and many users use these applications or software also known as Loosely Coupled Operating System. The advantage of this is that the user gets a lot of resources to use and if one system goes wrong then another system can be used